Django-表单

表单

必须指定的东西

• 目的地 用户将数据发送的目的
• 方式 发送数据的HTTP方法

Django自带表单类

编写表单类

• 提前导入forms模块
• 所有的表单类都要继承forms.Form类
• 每个表单字段都有自己的字段类型比如CharField
• 例子中的label用于设置说明标签

from django import forms

class MessageForm(forms.Form):
    title = forms.CharField(max_length=20, min_length=3)
    content = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
    email = forms.EmailField()
    reply = forms.BooleanField(required=False)

渲染表单views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .form import MessageForm #导入包
from django.views.generic import View #类视图

class IndexView（View):
    def get(self, request):
        form = MessageForm
        return render(request, 'index.html', context={'form':form})
    def post(self, request):
        form = MessageForm(request.POST)
        print(form.cleaned_data)
        if form.is_valid(): #数据验证
            title = form.cleaned_data('title')
            content = form.cleaned_data('content')
            email = form.cleaned_data('email')
            reply = form.cleaned_data('reply')
            print(title, content, email, reply)
        return HttpResponse('Success')

#用来发表文章的视图
def Test(request):
    context = {}
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = ArticleForm
        print("GET\n", form)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ArticleForm(request.POST)#表单绑定
        print("POST\n", form)
        if (form.is_valid()):  # 数据校验
            print(form.cleaned_data)
            title = form.cleaned_data['title']
            content = form.cleaned_data['content']
            c = Article(title=title, content=content) #保存数据库
            c.save()
    context['form'] = form
    return render(request, 'test.html', context=context)

模板处理

<form action="# " method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
            form 
    <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>

常用字段

• CharField
  • max_length
  • required 字段是否是必须的
• EmailField
• FloatField
  • max_value
  • min_value
• IntegerField
• URLField 接受URL格式的字符串

验证数据

• 错误提示

  email = forms.EmailField(error_messages = {
    'invalid':'请输入正确的邮箱'
    })
  

常用验证器

1. MaxValueValidator 最大值
2. MinValueValidator 最小值
3. MinLengthValidator 验证最小长度
4. EmailValidator 验证邮箱格式
5. URLValidator验证URL格式
6. RegexValidator 正则表达式验证器

form django.core import validators

class SForm(forms.Form):
    phone = forms.CharField(validators=[validators.RegexValidator('1[345678]\d{9}', message='请输入正确手机号')])

表单渲染格式

• form.as_table
• form.as_p
• form.as_ul

手动渲染表单字段

form.name_of_field

文件上传

---

前端

• form标签内 指定enctype="multipart/form-data"
• form标签内 input标签 指定name以及type=‘file’

<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" name="myfile">
    <input type="submit" value="提交"></input>
</form>

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import View
import os
from django.http import HttpResponse
class IndexView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, 'index.html')
    def post(self, request):
        myFile = request.FILES.get('myfile')
        with open('Main.png', 'wb') as f:
            for chunk in myFile.chunks():
                f.write(chunk)
        return HttpResponse('OK')

使用模型来处理上传文件

通过models.py中指定的文件目录可以直接保存

#models.py
from django.db import models

class Article(models.Model):
    file = models.FileField(upload_to='Image')

# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import View
from .models import Article
from django.http import HttpResponse



class IndexView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, 'index.html')
    def post(self, request):
        file = request.FILES.get('myfile')
        Article.objects.create(file=file)
        return HttpResponse('OK!')

指定MEDIA_ROOT 与 MEDIA_URL

#settings.py

#添加
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'Image') #设置访问路径
MEDIA_URL = ''

限制上传的文件扩展名:

from django.db import models
from django.core import validators #验证
class Article(models.Model):
    file = models.FileField(validators=[validators.FileExtensionValidator(['txt'],message='必须为TXT格式的文件')])

# forms.py
class ArticleForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
    model = Article
    fields = '__all__'

上传图片

models.py

• ImageField()

forms.py

class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
    model = Article #数据模型
    fields = '__all__'

注意使用ImageField必须安装Pillow库pip install pillow